Francis b



thicken slightly ang'e between Y vnipple-,is screwed into the head.

FRANCIS E. Born, or BOSTON, MAsSAceUSETTS.

lwimovssnsar in METALLIC CARTREGS.

Specification forming parl-.of Letters Patent No. 99,52, dated February 8, 1870.

To all. whom it may concer-n: n Be it knownthat I, FaANcts Evnnn'r'r BOYD, ot' Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cartridges; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereot', ret'- erence being had to the accompanying drawingsfmaking a part'ot this specitication, in which- Figure 1 is an end view of the cartridge. I `ig.2 is a section on the line :v x ot' Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section. Fig. 4 is a port-ion ot' Fig. 3 enlarged. Figs. 5 `and 6 Show modifications of my invention. rIhe circular cavities y y inthe head serve to hold it while the washer is being screwed upon it.

The tirst part ot my inventionis a cartridge .composed of a metal shell, a head, washer,

and nipple, when the head, washer, and nipple are screwed to the shell, as shown, so that they may be readily reinoyedand replaced, or secured to afresh shell. The shell is of the forni sh'owun the drawings. It is `colddrawn in the ordinary way,- and the metal should toward the breech from the muzzle, which thickening will be produced by the operation ot' cold-drawing. AGare should' be taken to make the shell ot'a uniform temper. The head is connected to the'shell by means of the washer, the latter being yplaced inside of the shell, resting against the interior ,of the ange, so that the screw upon the head can engage with the washer-and clamp the the washer and head.l The l I prefer to make the washer in the form shown in Figs. 3 and' 4, in

and also because this form is less affected by the shock of the discharge. I also prefer to 'make the washer a nut, and to form the screw y `upon the head; but this may be reversed, as y shown in Fig. 6, in which the head is the nut andthe screw is upon the washer. 'Ihe nipple also may be screwed into the washerl instead of into the head, or may be formed in one piece with thehead in a well-known way, or may be in one piece with the washer,.as shown in outside the nipple.

. order to give a' curved form to the interior` ot' the cartridge,

vention I regard as less perfect than the first mode.

I am aware that the shell shown is not new, and also that it is not new to combine a head with this shell by means of a washer, so that the flange of the shell is clamped between the head and-the washer, all this .being shown 4in the English patent ot' Schneider, No. 2,203 ot' l theyear 186i. I am also aware that a head with a nipple combined with it is not new, as this is shown in the patent to J. Ryder, November 5,1867; and I am also aware that a head and washer combined together by means ot' a nipple is not new, as this is showntin the patent to T. F. Cullen, January 7, 1868.

The method ot' connecting the head with the shell in the first ot' these cartridges is very simple and effective, and free from the disadvantages of the methods ot' connecting their parts in the other two lout, on the other hand, a common cap can he used with the two latter,'while a special cup, or a cap and anvil, are required with the former.

The object ot' this part of my invention is to furnish a cartridge having all the exeellences of these cartridgeswithout any of their disadvantages; and this is attained by combining the shell and washer of the tirst with the head and nipple ot' the second--to use these two cartridges as illustrations. l

The second part of my invention relatesto what is known as the gas-check; and consists in the use of a nipple smaller than -the cap, and in the center of a recess ot' a peculiar form, in connection with one or more vents As shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, the nipple is in the center ot' 'a recess whose walls incline outward from the bottomV ot' the recess. The recess is consequently largerat the top diameter should be slightly less at the bottom than that of the cap used, so that 'the edges l of the cap shall be cnrvedin slightly when. forced down upon the nipple. At the'bottolm y of the recess I drill one or more extra vents, so4 that the gasgenerated ,by` the fulminate.' which lies outside of the vent inthe nipple.'

may escape into the powder 'of the cartridge. The nipple should be too small to iill the ca'p,' to give it proper'strength.v ji ,If itistoo snug a tit the 'cap will be broken'; and there must also be-a vent through the] but large enough thanat the bottom, and its snug am, thebea'p' vwill be breken, and there must also be a vent .through the nipple; otherwise the head of the cap will be blown o", and

in either event the gas will escape.

The operation of `my gas-check is as follows: When the hammer strikes the cap and explcdesthe fnlminate,tlxe gas from the fulminate ignites the charge through one or more of the vents, the outer vents also allowingthe gas between the Walls of the cap and the nip-- ple to escape. The wallsof the cap are forced ont againstV the walls of the recess, which should be so close to the cap-faste supportit when distended by the discharge, so as to prevent thc gas escapinggoutside -v'the'cap,'"and as the cap remains unbroken, and isjiprevented.'

from moving by the hammer, it acts as a valve to close all the vents.. After the discharge the cap can be readily removed, owing to the outward inclination ofthe ,Walls of the recess.

I prefer to increasev the flare of these walls, as. shown in the drawings, around the upper part of the cap, as the removal of the cap lfrom the cartridge is thereby made easier, and

the cap assumes the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6, thereby formin g aL second gas-check. Nipples in a recess have `heretofore been used in,

connection with extra vents; but the-walls ot' the recess have never heretofore been made flaring, so that the cap wouldbe forced against head, Washer, and nipple, when these several lparts are each constructed and all combined together as set forth.

2. The combinations of the flared recess.

small nipple, and extra Vent-holes, the whole bein gand ope'ratin g substantially as described. FRANCIS E. BOYD. -Witnesses:

' J. E. MAYNADIER,

CHAs. F. SLEEPER.

place by 1.v A'eartridge consisting of a. metal shell, 

